Citation:
Gu, H., Cui, J., He, Z. G., and Zhong, J. H. (2020). A MAVEN investigation of O++ in the dayside Martian ionosphere. Earth Planet. Phys., 4(1), 11–16.. http://doi.org/10.26464/epp2020009
2020, 4(1): 11-16. doi: 10.26464/epp2020009
A MAVEN investigation of O++ in the dayside Martian ionosphere
| 1. | State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China |
| 2. | School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai Guangdong 519082, China |
| 3. | Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology, Hefei 230000, China |
| 4. | National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100012, China |
O++ is an interesting species in the ionospheres of both the Earth and Venus. Recent measurements made by the Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer (NGIMS) on board the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft provide the first firm detection of O++ in the Martian ionosphere. This study is devoted to an evaluation of the dominant O++ production and destruction channels in the dayside Martian ionosphere, by virtue of NGIMS data accumulated over a large number of MAVEN orbits. Our analysis reveals the dominant production channels to be double photoionization of O at low altitudes and photoionization of O+ at high altitudes, respectively, in response to the varying degree of O ionization. O++ destruction is shown to occur mainly via charge exchange with CO2 at low altitudes and with O at high altitudes. In the dayside median sense, an exact balance between O++ production and destruction is suggested by the data below 200 km. The apparent discrepancy from local photochemical equilibrium at higher altitudes is interpreted as a signature of strong O++ escape on Mars, characterized by an escape rate of 6×1022 s–1.
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